The pre-Mainnet mining formula determined a Pioneer’s hourly mining rate based on several factors, including the systemwide base mining rate (B), Security Circle rewards (S), and Referral Team rewards (E). The formula was expressed as:
M = I(B,S) + E(I)
Where:
M is the total Pioneer mining rate
I is the Individual Pioneer base mining rate
B is the systemwide base mining rate
S is the Security Circle reward
E is the Referral Team reward