Cahaba in Dallas County was Alabama’s first permanent state capital from 1820 to 1825.

Alabama’s economy in the 21st century is based on automotive, finance, tourism, manufacturing, aerospace, mineral extraction, healthcare, education, retail, and technology.

The largest city in Alabama by population and area is Huntsville.

Alabama was admitted as the 22nd state on December 14, 1819.

Alabama is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida to the south, and Mississippi to the west.

Alabama has a range of habitats, including the Tennessee Valley, Appalachian Plateau, Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians in the north, Piedmont, Canebrake, Black Belt in the central region, and Gulf Coastal Plain and beaches along the Gulf of Mexico in the south.

Alabama’s highest recorded temperature is 112 °F (44 °C), recorded on September 5, 1925, in Centerville.

Most Native American tribes were completely removed from Alabama within a few years of the passage of the Indian Removal Act by Congress in 1830.

Greater Birmingham is Alabama’s largest metropolitan area and its economic center.