Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) aims to develop cryptographic algorithms that are secure against the capabilities of quantum computers. Traditional public-key cryptographic systems, such as RSA and ECC, rely on mathematical problems like integer factorization and discrete logarithms, which are computationally difficult for classical computers to solve. However, quantum algorithms, notably Shor’s algorithm, can efficiently solve these problems, rendering current cryptographic systems vulnerable once sufficiently powerful quantum computers become available.

To address this impending threat, PQC focuses on creating new cryptographic methods based on mathematical problems that are believed to be resistant to quantum attacks. These include lattice-based, hash-based, code-based, and multivariate polynomial cryptographic techniques. By developing and implementing these quantum-resistant algorithms, PQC seeks to ensure the continued security and privacy of digital communications and data in the era of quantum computing.